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Dr Luke Mooney, Knee, Hip & Shoulder Surgeon, Naracoorte, Mount Gambier, Woodville South, Adelaide, SA / Knee / Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction

What is Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction?

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is a surgical procedure indicated in patients with more severe patellar instability. Medial patellofemoral ligament is a band of tissue that extends from the femoral medial epicondyle to the superior aspect of the patella. Medial patellofemoral ligament is the major ligament which stabilises the patella and helps in preventing patellar subluxation (partial dislocation) or dislocation. This ligament can rupture or get damaged when there is patellar lateral dislocation. Dislocation can be caused by direct blow to the knee, twisting injury to the lower leg, strong muscle contraction, or because of a congenital abnormality such as shallow or malformed joint surfaces.

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using autogenous tissue grafts is done by following the basic principles of ligament reconstruction such as:

  • Graft Selection: Strong and stiff graft should be selected
  • Location: The graft should be located isometrically
  • Correct tension: The tension set in the graft should be appropriate
  • Secure Fixation: Stable fixation of the graft should be achieved
  • Avoid condylar rubbing or impingement: The graft should not rub against condyle or cause impingement

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Procedure

The surgical procedure of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction involves the following steps:

Graft Selection and Harvest: Your surgeon will make a 4-6 cm skin incision over your knee, at the midpoint between the medial epicondyle and the medial aspect of the patella (kneecap). The underlying subcutaneous fat and fascia are cut apart to expose the adductor tendon. The tendon is then stripped using a tendon stripper and its free end is sutured. The diameter of the tendon graft is measured using a sizer.

Alternatively, a graft can be harvested from the quadriceps tendon.

Location of the Femoral Isometric Point: The graft should be placed isometrically to prevent it from overstretching and causing failure during joint movements.

Correct Tension:  The tension is set in the graft with your knee flexed up to 30º and the tension should be appropriate enough to control lateral excursion.

Secure Fixation: The graft is secured to the end of the thigh bone, and the patella with screw and bone anchor implants.

Avoid Condylar Rubbing and Impingement: After graft fixation, the range of motion is checked to make sure there are no restrictions in patellar or knee movements. The graft should not impinge or rub against the medial femoral condyle. If it is detected, the graft is replaced into proper position.

Postoperative Care after Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction

A knee brace should be used during walking in the first 3-6 weeks after surgery. Avoid climbing stairs, squatting and stretching your leg until there is adequate healing of the tendon. Rehabilitation exercises, continuous passive motion and active exercises will be recommended.